Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Barotrauma , Decompression Sickness , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena , Unconsciousness , Diving/adverse effects , Diving/physiology , Inert Gas Narcosis/mortality , Inert Gas Narcosis/prevention & control , Atmospheric Pressure , Dehydration , Heat Stroke , Hypothermia , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning , Cardiovascular SystemABSTRACT
The popularity of SCUBA diving as aquatic sports is increasing in trend and therefore the risk of diving-related accidents or death is also increased. In underwater environment, with its rapidly changing ambient pressures, human body is subjected to pathophysiologic challenges. The common forms of medical problem with diving are barotrauma, decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis, and the most common cause of diving-related death is drowning. However, the determination of the cause of death associated with diving should not be derived from the autopsy alone but must result from interpretation of data including a detailed history of the events prior to death, information about accident locus, diving suits, breathing apparatus and their accessories, and complete autopsy including toxicology and histological examination. And to explain the mechanism of death, the forensic pathologists should understand the diving physiology, law of gas physics and other diving hazards, and also be approached by the team effort involved by professional diver. Through the review of cases of SCUBA diving-related death and the literature, the author discuss the investigative approach to diving accidents and complete autopsy procedure with toxicological screen.
Subject(s)
Autopsy , Barotrauma , Cause of Death , Decompression Sickness , Diving , Drowning , Human Body , Inert Gas Narcosis , Jurisprudence , Physiology , Respiration , Sports , ToxicologySubject(s)
Humans , Cocaine/pharmacology , Cocaine-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Central Nervous System , Chile , Cocaine/administration & dosage , Cocaine/urine , Digestive System , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Inert Gas Narcosis , Prevalence , Autonomic Nervous System , Peripheral Nervous SystemSubject(s)
Humans , Inert Gas Narcosis , Pesticide Exposure , Pesticides , Agrochemicals/toxicity , Carbofuran , Dichlorvos , Dimethoate , Fungicides, Industrial , Herbicides , Insecticides , Malathion , Occupational Risks , Parathion , Pesticide Utilization , Phosmet , SulfurABSTRACT
El uso irracional de los plaguicidas el bajo nivel de educación sobre sus riesgos y efectos sobre la salud, las condiciones climáticas desfavorables para el uso de los medios de protección existentes o medios de protección inadecuados para las características de la población nacional, la tradición en el uso de agroquímicos como el principal medio de incrementar la producción y desarrollo incipiente de una legislación y reglamenteación, han hecho que Nicaragua tenga una de las tasas más altas de intoxicaciones agudas por plaguicidas en el mundo